Do masks work?

Are you up to the challenge? If you think you can make health decisions for you and your family independent of the advice given by experts -- maybe even contrary to the opinions of the experts, answer the following question.

 

Do masks work for fighting covid-19? 

 

If you answered, "No, they don't." You flunk the test. Read on for the correct answer.

COVID-19 is a respiratory disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, and the main route of transmission is through the air—especially in the form of fine aerosols and respiratory droplets exhaled by infected people when breathing, talking, coughing, or sneezing.

• Masks filter inhaled and exhaled air. Depending on the mask type (cloth, surgical, N95/KN95/FFP2), the fit, and how consistently it’s worn, the degree of filtration varies. Even if not perfect, a mask always provides some reduction in exposure, both for the wearer and for others nearby.

• Effectiveness is a spectrum. A loose cloth mask is a weak barrier; a properly fitted N95 is a strong barrier. Poor fit, gaps, or wearing it under the nose reduce effectiveness, but even then there is partial protection.

The question isn’t whether or not masks work, but rather how well do masks work. The degree of benefit varies.

 In “real-world” settings, much depends on how well the mask is worn (gaps, slipping, reuse, moisture), the type of mask, and for how long and under what exposure conditions.

1. Masks reduce risk, but by how much depends on several factors.

• Wearing a mask is associated with a reduced risk of infection. The reduced risk is variable.

• Always wearing a mask or respirator in public settings is an improvement over never wearing one. The type of mask is important. Wearing an N95/KN95 mask is better than wearing a surgical mask and both are an improvement over not wearing a mask.

• Well-fitting respirators (N95/FFP2 etc.) outperform surgical and cloth masks in terms of filtering aerosol particles.

• It is believed that a “duckbill” N95 blocked almost all exhaled particles from infected individuals.

• Studies suggest that if many people wear masks, even moderately effective masks can have substantial community-level impact on transmission. 

The following is only anecdotal evidence but I am going to mention it anyway. 

During the peak of the covid-19 pandemic, I always wore an N95 in public. As the danger from covid waned, I switched to well-fitted surgical masks. I also got vaccinated. As the virus has mutated, I have gotten my covid-19 booster shots regularly. I have now had nine covid-19 vaccinations. 

Neither I nor my wife have ever had covid. And a good thing, too, as my wife and I are getting up in years.